1. Variety selection

Choose a new variety of bitter gourd with good appearance and excellent quality.

Second, the germination method

The seed coat of bitter gourd seeds is hard, the seed coat is thick, the surface is waxy, and germination is slow and difficult. Therefore, it is best to place the seeds in the sun for 1-3 hours before soaking the seeds, and rub the waxy seed coat with wet fine sand. After soaking the seeds in warm water of about 30 degrees for 8-12 hours, pick them up and wash them, wipe off the moisture of the epidermis, wrap them in clean gauze, and keep them in an environment of 25-30 degrees for heat preservation and germination. Wash them with warm water every morning and evening, and wipe them dry. Then wrap it up and continue to germinate until most of the seeds are white. Then use 800 times the 50% carbendazim wettable powder solution to dress the seeds, and plant the root tips of the seeds into the soil of the seedling bag (cup) to Seeds should be 0.5 cm above the ground.

3. Cultivation techniques

1. "Xingxing bitter gourd" is a medium-ripening variety. The sowing period on land is from February to August, and nutrient soil is prepared two months before sowing. Nutritious soil formula: about 70% of vegetable garden soil, 25% of decomposed soil and miscellaneous fertilizer, 5% of decomposed human and animal manure, and 0.2% of multi-component compound fertilizer. To prevent nutrient loss and ensure full fermentation, mix in appropriate amount of Dibenzom and Lesben solution for disinfection and sterilization 2 weeks before use, cover with agricultural film and compost for 1 week, and then put it into a nutritional bowl with a diameter of 5cm and a height of 8cm. , each 667m2 needs about 30Kg of nutrient soil, soak the seeds before sowing to promote germination.

2. Land selection, soil preparation, and basal fertilizer application: ① Land selection Choose a plot with deep soil layers, sandy loam soil is the best, clay soil is second, and sandy soil is the worst. ② Apply basal fertilizer for soil preparation, new bitter gourd grows vigorously, takes a long time, and requires a large amount of fertilizer. Adequate organic fertilizer as base fertilizer is the key to high yield. For every 667m2, it is necessary to apply 1500-200kg of decomposed human and animal manure, 30-35kg of oil and dry, and 100kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizer; or apply N, P, K content of 20% special organic-inorganic fertilizer for vegetables 150kg, add potassium sulfate 10kg, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 100kg; apply basal fertilizer combined with soil preparation when the border is applied, and the border is made into a large border with a width of 1-1.5 meters and a height of 25-50 cm. The basal fertilizer is applied 1-2 weeks before the planting. When making a border, first determine the planting row according to the row spacing. The base fertilizer is applied in two shallow trenches on both sides at a distance of 20cm from the planting row, and then the soil on both sides of the box is piled up to make a high border, and mulch film is applied. To be planted.

3. Intertillage, weeding and soil cultivation From the seedling stage of bitter gourd, intertillage, weeding and soil cultivation should be carried out in time to prevent the soil from being hardened at the head of the melon. Generally, after planting and pouring the slow seedling water, the first cultivating is carried out when the topsoil is slightly dry and not sticky. The second cultivating can be carried out 10-15 days after the first cultivating. In this cultivating, care should be taken to protect the new roots, which should be shallow rather than deep. Each time cultivating can be combined with some high-quality farmyard manures: such as cake fertilizer, various types of poultry feathers and decomposed chicken manure, pig manure, etc. After the frame is set up, when the vines stretch for more than 50 cm, the root system is basically covered in the whole row, and it is generally not suitable for cultivating. However, attention should be paid to removing weeds in time to prevent weeds from growing, so as to improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field and reduce the damage of pests and diseases. During the first cultivating, if missing or weak seedlings are found, they should be replanted in time to preserve the seedlings.

4, erection and pruning When the bitter gourd seedlings grow to about 20 cm, they need to be erected to attract vines. There are two types of scaffolding: flat scaffolding and herringbone scaffolding. The flat trellis is well ventilated, with more fruiting and high yield. Flat scaffolding is further divided into continuous flat scaffolding and divided flat scaffolding. The multi-span flat scaffolding is generally in the row of melons, and a wooden pile is erected every 3-4 meters. Small bamboos, small wooden sticks or nylon nets are used to connect the wooden piles of the whole field into one piece. The roof of the shed is about 2 About meters; divided flat scaffolding is generally a shed every two rows of melons, and the height of the shed is 1.5-2 meters. The divided flat trellis has a large light receiving surface, good ventilation and ventilation, and is convenient for management, which is better than the multi-span flat trellis. Whether it is a multi-storied flat scaffold, a divided flat scaffold, or a herringbone frame, the erection must be firm to avoid collapse due to wind, damage to the melon seedlings, and affect yield.

5. The branching power of bitter gourd is very strong, and both the main vine and the lateral vine can form melons. Under normal circumstances, pruning is not necessary. However, due to the strong growth potential of bitter gourd in winter and spring, there are many side vines. The side vines below 50 cm from the ground and the dense and senescent branches and leaves should be removed in time to facilitate ventilation and light transmission and improve the utilization of light energy. In the middle of the growth period, if the vines grow too wild, topping should be done in time to inhibit its growth and promote the fruiting of the melons. The vines of bitter gourd should be diligent before the seedlings are placed on the shed, and they should be led and tied every 2-3 days. The method of attracting vines is generally to lead the main vines straight up along the bamboo, and the side vines to the left and right directions of the support.

6. Top dressing and irrigation Bitter gourd has many rounds of fruiting, long harvest time, and consumes a lot of water and fertilizer in life. Therefore, the management of fertilizer and water is an important guarantee for high yield. In addition to applying enough basal fertilizer, topdressing is generally re-applied when the vines are drawn, flowering, and fruiting, and the topdressing at the seedling stage can be less. The first top dressing is about 7 days after planting. 10% concentration of decomposed human excrement or 0.5% compound fertilizer can be applied. After that, it is applied every 5-7 days, and the concentration is gradually increased until flowering and fruiting. The concentration of human feces and urine can increase to about 30%. During the flowering and fruiting period, 2-3 heavy fertilizers should be applied to prolong the harvest period. Generally at the beginning of flowering, 25-30kg of cake fertilizer, 15-20kg of compound fertilizer, and 10kg of urea are used for each mu, combined with soil cultivation and topdressing once; After every 1-2 harvests, 30%-40% of human manure or 10-15kg compound fertilizer should be topdressed. Topdressing also depends on the weather and leaf color, flexibly grasp it, and increase or decrease it as appropriate.

4. Prevention and control of pests and diseases: the main diseases are against downy mildew, fusarium wilt, leaf spot, and 1500 times of Wangke can be used to control downy mildew; spray with 400-600 times of Fulu 42% suspending agent to control fusarium wilt and leaf spot etc. Insect pests mainly control fruit flies, thrips, aphids and stink bugs. You can use Ruidan 3.5% EC 1000-1500 times liquid spray to control fruit flies; use 20-speed 600-800 times liquid spray to control aphids, thistles Horses and bugs, etc. The pests that are difficult to control in bitter gourd are the fruit fly, the melon aphid, and the melon silk borer.

1. Melon fruit fly: commonly known as "needle bee", adults lay eggs in melons and fruits, and larvae eat in the flesh of melons, causing melons to rot and even fruit drop, seriously affecting the quality and yield of melons. At present, it is the peak period of the emergence of "needle bees", and a multi-pronged comprehensive management method of pastoral cleaning, trapping and killing adult insects, pesticide insecticide and bagging to protect melons is adopted. To use pesticides to kill insects, "Kung Fu" is recommended. A small pack (5ml) of "Kung Fu" sold on the market is just enough for a bucket of water (15 liters). Spraying should be carried out before 10-11 am or 4-6 pm in the peak period of adult activity, and the effect is better during the mating and spawning period of adults. One of the ways to trap and kill is to use yellow board, coat yellow cardboard or plastic board with Vaseline and place it in the vegetable garden, about 20 pieces per mu, have a good trapping effect on adults. Vigorously promote the new technology of bagging and protecting melons, which can not only reduce the damage of various diseases and insects, but also improve the quality and commodity value of melons and fruits.

2. Melon aphid: The adults and nymphs of the melon aphid are mostly clustered on the back of leaves, tender stems and young shoots to suck sap. The insect will damage the shoots, curl the leaves, wither the growth points, shrink the leaves, wither and yellow and fall off in advance, but also cause soot disease and spread viral diseases. For chemical control, 25% Aktai water dispersible granules, which are highly efficient, broad-spectrum, safe, and lasts up to 21 days, are recommended. When used 5000-10000 times, it can effectively control melon aphids, and can also treat thrips and Liriomyza sativa. and many other pests.

3. Melon borer: The larvae eat the leaves, causing the leaves to be perforated or nicked, and often bore into the melon, affecting the yield and quality. For chemical control, use 50% kulong 1000 times or 2.5% kung fu 1500 times spray once every 7-10 days.

5. Harvesting: When the fruit strips are full and the peel is shiny, it can be harvested. The first batch of melons should be harvested in time, usually about 30 days after planting, to facilitate the growth of the melons and vines behind; It can be harvested every 3-4 days and can be harvested continuously for 3-5 months.

The above cultivation information is for reference only, and farmers should choose appropriate cultivation techniques according to the actual local conditions.

(Note: This article is reproduced for reference only)